Pathways of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1
نویسندگان
چکیده
The deltaretroviruses human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) have long been believed to differ from retroviruses in other genera by their mode of transmission. While other retroviruses were thought to primarily spread by producing cell-free particles that diffuse through extracellular fluids prior to binding to and infecting target cells, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were believed to transmit the virus solely by cell-cell interactions. This difference in transmission was believed to reflect the fact that, relative to other retroviruses, the cell-free virions produced by HTLV-infected cells are very poorly infectious. Since HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are primarily found in T cells in the peripheral blood, spread of these viruses was believed to occur between infected and uninfected, T cells, although little was known about the cellular and viral proteins involved in this interaction. Recent studies have revealed that the method of transmission of HTLV is not unique: other retroviruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are also transmitted from cell-to-cell, and this method is dramatically more efficient than cell-free transmission. Moreover, cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1, as well as HIV, can occur following interactions between dendritic cells and T cells, as well as between T cells. Conversely, other studies have shown that cell-free HTLV-1 is not as poorly infectious as previously thought, since it is capable of infecting certain cell types. Here we summarize the recent insights about the mechanisms of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1 and other retroviruses. We also review in vitro and in vivo studies of infection and discuss how these finding may relate to the spread of HTLV-1 between individuals.
منابع مشابه
Frequency of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) Type 1 and 2 Infection in HIV Infected Patients
Background and Objectives: Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) type 1 and 2 are retroviruses that share the same routes of transmission as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As a consequence of epidemiologic similarities, HIV and HTLV-1/2 co-infection is frequent. Due to the limited data, this study assessed the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infections in HIV infected patients in Tehran, Ira...
متن کاملبررسی شیوع ویروس HTLV-1 در بیماران تالاسمی دریافت کننده مکرر خون در شهر تهران در سال 1382
Background & Objective: Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1(HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus which has been known to cause Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma(ATLL), HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis(HAM/TSP) and some other inflammatory disorders. One of the important pathways of transmission of this infection is transfusion of blood and its products. This study was designed t...
متن کاملسرواپیدمیولوژی ویروس لنفوتروپیک سلول T انسانی(HTLV) در اهداکنندگان خون در شهر مشهد، سالهای 89-1388
Background and Aim: Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (Type I) is the cause of two major diseases : Adult T cell Leukemia-Lymphoma and Tropical Spastic Paraparasia and Myelopathy associated with HTLV-I. Disease transmission is possible during unsafe sexual contact, blood transfusion and vertical transmission method. Blood safety and minimizing the risk of transfusion transmitted infections are th...
متن کاملP 56: Inhibitory Effects of Curcumin, a Regulator of CD4+ T Helper Cell, on HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) is an endemic virus in Iran and other regions that is associated with multiple diseases including adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma and a chronic debilitating neuroinflammatory disease, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP is seen in approximately 2% of HTLV-1-infected people with symptoms such as back pain, weakne...
متن کاملThe Enigma of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) Infection in Iran
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) was the first human retrovirus associated with malignancy. The prevalence of HTLV-I infection varies significantly in different regions of the world. In this study, the prevalence of HTLV-I infection among ethnic Jews living in Shiraz, South of Iran, was investigated. 286 blood samples were obtained. HTLV-1 antibody assay on serum samples was d...
متن کامل